This, in turn, causes the pressure of the air inside the lungs to decrease (it becomes negative, relative to the atmosphere), and air flows into the lungs from the atmosphere: inhalation. This causes the pressure in the chest cavity to decrease, and the lungs expand to fill the space. Humans, like most mammals, breathe by negative pressure breathing: the rib cage expands and the diaphragm contracts, expanding the chest cavity. A lightweight variation on the cuirass ventilator is the jacket ventilator or poncho or raincoat ventilator, which uses a flexible, impermeable material (such as plastic or rubber) stretched over a metal or plastic frame over the patient's torso. The cuirass ventilator encloses only the patient's torso, or chest and abdomen, but otherwise operates essentially the same as the original, full-sized iron lung. Smaller, single-patient versions of the iron lung include the so-called cuirass ventilator (named for the cuirass, a torso-covering body armor). Larger "room-sized" iron lungs were also developed, allowing for simultaneous ventilation of several patients (each with their heads protruding from sealed openings in the outer wall), with sufficient space inside for a nurse or a respiratory therapist to be inside the sealed room, attending the patients. Iron lungs can be either manually or mechanically powered but normally are powered by an electric motor linked to a flexible pumping diaphragm (commonly opposite the end of the cylinder from the patient's head). Įxamples of the device include the Drinker respirator, the Emerson respirator, and the Both respirator. Then, for the patient to exhale, the air inside the cylinder is compressed slightly (or allowed to equalize to ambient room pressure), causing the patient's chest and abdomen to partially collapse, forcing air out of the lungs, as the patient exhales the breath through their exposed mouth and nose, outside the cylinder. To cause the patient to inhale, air is pumped out of the cylinder, causing a slight vacuum, which causes the patient's chest and abdomen to expand (drawing air from outside the cylinder, through the patient's exposed nose or mouth, into their lungs).
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The iron lung is typically a large horizontal cylinder, in which a person is laid, with their head protruding from a hole in the end of the cylinder, so that their full head (down to their voice box) is outside the cylinder, exposed to ambient air, and the rest of their body sealed inside the cylinder, where air pressure is continuously cycled up and down, to stimulate breathing. Diaphragm (yellow) mechanically extends/retracts, varying cylinder air pressure, causing patient chest to expand (inhale) (top) and contract (exhaling) (bottom) Retrieved December 2, 2021.Iron lung cylinder (black), patient head exposed through sealed opening. ^ " – Black Rebel Motorcycle Club – B.R.M.C.".^ "Official Scottish Albums Chart Top 100".^ "Charts.nz – Black Rebel Motorcycle Club – B.R.M.C.".^ " – Discography Black Rebel Motorcycle Club".^ " – Black Rebel Motorcycle Club – B.R.M.C." (in German)."Black Rebel Motorcycle Club: B.R.M.C (Virgin Records)".
The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). In Brackett, Nathan Hoard, Christian (eds.). "Black Rebel Motorcycle Club: Black Rebel Motorcycle Club". ^ "Black Rebel Motorcycle Club: B.R.M.C.".
^ "Reviews for Black Rebel Motorcycle Club by Black Rebel Motorcycle Club"."Black Rebel Motorcycle Club Kick Off World Tour". ^ a b c Petridis, Alexis (January 11, 2002)."Rifles" – 5:30 (7:02 on some releases)Ĭharts Weekly charts Chart (2002)."As Sure as the Sun" – 7:27 (5:52 on some releases)."Whatever Happened to My Rock 'n' Roll (Punk Song)" – 4:38.All tracks written and composed by Black Rebel Motorcycle Club.
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